13 We were unable to see the outside. As we reached Kerman, we discovered that we were being taken to a police compound and detained. The Iranian police behaved with us barbarically. They took off all our clothes. They not only beat up and tortured us naked but they also tortured us psychologically, and insulted us with vulgar language. They kept us in detention for one week and then deported us back to Nimruz province1. This research indicates that about 58% (29) of the deportees experienced abuse by law enforcement agents along their migration routes. The abuse perpetrated ranged from harassment to beating, extortion and ridiculing. Iranian law enforcement agents were the main perpetrators, followed by Bulgarian, Macedonian and Turkish border and police officers. One of the interviewees from Nangarhar described his experience in Bulgaria: I received my deportation letter after one month and a half after the police attacked the refugee camp once again. They searched all of our personal belongings. They were taking people to the toilets where there were no CCTV cameras in order to beat them up. UNHCR staff members were unable to discover these abuses. Nobody dared to tell or show the marks of tortures on their bodies to UNHCR. After UNHCR left the camp, the camp managers were beating up the refugees and they were even detaining them inside the toilets2. Part of the abuse by law enforcement agents also included arbitrary detention. The research for this project revealed that about 22% (11) of the interviewees experienced detention either by border guards or police forces during their flight across several international borders. Figure 2 Challenges Faced During Flight The above graph summarises key categories and patterns of life threatening challenges, abuse and mistreatment experienced by the refugees over the course of their flight towards their destination countries. The magnitude and breath of risks the flight has involved, compounded by abuses and violence committed by a broad array of actors, from law enforcement agencies, to smugglers and criminal enterprises, were formidable. These experiences impacted on the deportees physically, psychologically 1. Interview, H. H, Kabul-Pwarwan, June 2018 2. Interview, M. Hanif, Nangarhar, July 2018