11 in democratic institutions have clearly failed to promote their group agenda and interests. The promulgation through presidential decree of the Law on Elimination of Violence Against Women was another important legislative development. Yet parliament challenged its approval and the judicial institutions have largely ignored its implementation. As a result, violence against women remains rampant in its various forms with devastating consequences. In 2012, The Afghanistan Human Rights and Democracy Organization (AHRDO) published its report Afghan Women after the Taliban: Will History Repeat Itself?, providing an historical perspective on women’s struggle for reforms in Afghanistan and offering an analysis of the politics of women’s empowerment after the Taliban’s fall. The current report reflects Afghan men’s thoughts and views on women’s rights. It assumes that women’s development requires changes in Afghan men’s behaviors, views and perceptions of women. To place the problems in their institutional and structural contexts, the project has engaged men that represent certain structures and institutions with immediate influence on women. Throughout the project cycle, the function and role of institutions including the family, religious establishments, the public sphere, the market place and culture and tradition were explored. The key objective of the research was to find ways to make these masculine structures more conducive to women’s liberation and development. 2. Research Methodology The methodology for this project has been multi-prong, drawing upon different research elements such as theatrical performances and debates, workshops, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. To gauge a nuanced view a highly diverse male audience was targeted. The targeted groups such as local mullahs, family elders (patriarchs), media, civil society and the common people represented distinct institutions and structures such as the religious establishment, the family, public sphere and Afghan customs and traditions. The following offers a snapshot of the key methodologies applied for this report: a) Legislative Theater Workshops were applied to introduce the topic to the participants, create an atmosphere of trust and link people who stemmed from different locations and backgrounds together. b) In the Legislative Theater Performances, Men played women’s roles reflecting women’s problems inside the family, religious institutions and the public sphere, as well as with economic activities and norms and values. After the performances, the actors and spectators shared their experiences on how they felt while playing the roles of women in different settings and an in-depth discussion ensued among the attendants.