RESEARCH REPORT addressing these problems must be given an utmost priority and addressed as a key pillar of a durable solution in the peace process. Peace negotiation provides a strategic framework for a sustainable solution to issues arising from displacement. Durable solution(s) to this issue, therefore, requires an evidence-based and contextualized strategy. Modalities of refugee returnees and IDPs’ engagement with peace-building process and e orts to address their concerns, their demands and expectation from peace talks are discussed throughout this research. The points below summarize the signi icance of including displaced communities, their perspectives, and aspirations for the future in peace talks both as a process and as an outcome for peace to forge and last: • Consider the refugee returnees and IDPs, who have often been underrepresented and their agency has been ignored, as critical components of peace processes and peace talks. Their inclusion in peace processes might mitigate against inequality and resentment that could fuel con lict and put some of these communities at risk of further violence or violence-induced activities such as recruitment to armed groups. The indings of this research whilst placing great emphasis on including these communities in peace talks and peace-building processes also provide important signposts for the design and implementation of an inclusive approach to peacebuilding. • Consider durable solutions to displacement as an inseparable component of peace- building e orts as the two are intertwined, interdependent, and interrelated. Communities living in protracted displacement always face the likelihood of having their resilience eroded. Community resilience as an ability to retreat, adapt, and recover from the adverse e ects of con lict provides a cornerstone to a sustainable peace. Reciprocally, stability and lasting peace are considered as critical prerequisites for ending displacement in a more sustainable way. • Consider an ‘inclusive’ peace-building approach as the most e ective way to ensure sustainability. An inclusive approach to peacebuilding o ers the IDPs/refugee returnee communities an agency to directly contribute to the reduction and prevention of violence in the long run. It also promotes unity, peaceful coexistence in and with communities, endorsing non-violent ways to con lict resolution, and enhances human rights and dignity. The main features of the refugee/returnee and displaced communities such as a) direct e ect of con lict, b) signi icant size, and c) having speci ic needs that must be given due consideration in peace talks, further signify the inclusion of these categories of people in peace talks and peacebuilding processes and e orts. f f ff ff f ff ff f f f ff ff f f ff 9